Energy Efficiency Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1481 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Engineering Essay Type Report Did you like this example? Energy Labelling of Buildings and The Implementation of The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). 1.0: Introduction Energy Efficiency has become a critical element in the growth of the developed economies in the west. This is mainly because of the fact that the energy consumed by the developed countries is comparatively higher to those of their developing counterparts that are equally industrialised. Since the efficiency of the energy consumption is the critical element that attributes to the performance, the need for energy efficiency of civil structures especially buildings (public and industrial) is imperative. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Energy Efficiency Example For Free" essay for you Create order Mei ren et al (2003) argues that the energy performance has become a performance measure for the extent to which the developed nations are utilizing the energy efficiently. This makes it clear that a critical analysis on the energy performance of the civil structures (i.e.) buildings is essential in order to justify the validity of the energy performance bill that is expected be passed as legislation in2006. The research conducted through this dissertation is aimed to accomplish whether or not the energy labelling of buildings is viable and the extent to which it can support the implementation of the Energy performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). The energy consumption in the UK is not only identified as the primary element for the implementation of the Energy performance of Buildings Directive but also to address the requirements of the KYOTO protocol. The treaty signed by the member nations of the United Nations has increased the need for the energy efficiency as well a s reduce the emission of CHG or greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Since the treaty measures the reduction in emission as a percentage reduction to the original set emission level, it is necessary to implement a legislative act that can provide energy efficiency as well as meet the demands of the KYOTO protocol. In this report a comprehensive analysis on the energy efficiency in buildings both domestic and non-domestics presented to the reader and the implications of enforcing the Energy performance of Buildings Directive in 2006. The dissertation also aims to provide a comprehensive analysis on the potential in achieving the energy efficiency within the buildings of the European Union member states and identify the course of addressing the KYOTO protocol. 2.0: Aim and Objectives 2.1: Aim The aim of this report is to critically analyse whether the Energy Labelling of buildings in the UK is a viable option for measuring their energy performance in order to implement Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). 2.2: Objectives The aim of this report is accomplished through embracing the research upon the following objectives To conduct a literature review on the need for energy efficiency and role of developed nations in the implementation of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. To analyse the stand of European Union on the implementation of the EPBD. To conduct secondary research through case study analysis on the energy efficiency of domestic and on-domestic buildings in the UK. To critically analyse the suitability of the Energy performance of Buildings Directive implementation based upon the results derived from the case study analysis. To comment upon the Energy performance of Buildings Directive actualisation as a l egislative act based upon the results and discussions conducted in the research. 3:0 Justifications for the choice of research Energy efficiency is increasingly demanded in order to meet the rising demand for energy resources. The fact that the energy resources are depleting rapidly makes it critical for the member states of the European Union to efficiently utilise the energy in order to gain sustainable growth in the economy. It was identified that one of the major consumers of energy in the European Union member states are the buildings. This is mainly because of the increase in the globalization and the population explosion due to the immigration of foreign nationals to European countries. This has increased the number of buildings drastically in the European Union member states thus increasing the energy consumption as well. Hence it is essential to sketch out a method of accomplishing energy efficiency so as to reduce the energy consumption as well as the emission of CHG into the atmosphere causing greenhouse effect. This initiative of the European Union is the major reason for focusing on en ergy performance measurement in buildings rather than other sectors like the industries or the transportation. The fact that the reduction of the pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by the buildings when controlled can meet the target for the KYOTO protocol as well as accomplish energy savings is another justification for the choice of the research topic. Apart from the aforementioned, another interesting feature demonstrated by the buildings that the energy consumption is predominantly due to the improper temperature management has further created the room for investigation into the flaws of the construction design (or plan) which can be fixed to accomplish energy efficiency. The fact that the energy savings and the energy efficiency in the domestic and non-domestic buildings will reduce the energy prices thus benefiting the consumers in the general public is one of the major elements for the choice of the research topic. 4: Research methodology The research method adopted in this project is secondary research methodology where the research is based upon the information gathered from white papers and journals. The research is accomplished through the use market reports and journals on the construction industry and energy performance journals. Some of the popular resources of information for the research are listed below: Chartered institute of building services Engineers Key Note Ltd Data monitor Inc Journal of facilities management Facilities journal Building Services Engineering Research Technology Journals and white papers from various other resources are also utilised in the research process to accomplish qualitative research in the form of case study analysis. The research comprises of two separate case study one focusing on each domestic buildings and non-domestic buildings. The case studies are presented separately in order to establish the subtle differences between the two categories o f the buildings in the European Union that fall under the jurisdiction of Energy performance of Buildings Directive. 5: Justification for secondary research Primary research in this topic involves fieldwork for a long period of time up to several months. This requires investment of both time and money for securing the accurate measurements of the emission, level of energy consumption and the air temperature management level. Since the project is conducted on an academic basis the research is performed using the secondary research information rather than conducting primary research. Furthermore, the fact that the energy performance measurement for the emission and civil measurements of the buildings involve legal requirements to be satisfied prior to presenting in the report, the research is confined to the secondary information which can be referenced whilst conducting the research. 6: Scope of the research The scope of this research is confined with the energy performance of the buildings in the Europe. The literature review presents the overview on the buildings across Europe whilst the research in the case study is confined only the UK buildings. This is mainly because of the lack of resources on buildings in other nations and the lack of time to analyse any information if gathered. 7: Summary Energy labelling of the buildings was considered as a critical factor in the energy performance of the buildings and the overall nation among the developed countries since the late years of the twentieth century. The fact that the energy efficiency programs can reduce the energy consumption in the developed nations that are consuming more energy as stated before has made it imperative to accomplish the energy labelling procedure. G. J. Levermore (2002)has stated that the energy labelling of the buildings in developed nations will not only help reduce the energy consumption but also pave the path for achieving an energy efficient economy. It is also interesting to note that the promotion of the energy labelling policies not only involves one country but also requires critical information on the energy consumption and the labelling methods adhered by other developed nations. In order to maintain a standard in the European Union the EPBD bill is put forth that lays a common s tandard to be adopted throughout the European Union. The research in this report focuses upon the benefits of accomplishing the energy efficiency in order to meet the targets for the KYOTO protocol and the Energy performance of Buildings Directive. The report provides a comprehensive analysis on the energy efficiency of the domestic and non-domestic buildings thus accomplishing a totality in the research. Furthermore, in this report a critical overview of the standards proposed and their implementation in the existing buildings is analysed qualitatively and constructive recommendations are provided to assist the decision makers. The discussion on the Energy performance of Buildings Directive and the recommendations are aimed to provide key issues identified in the research to the decision makers in order to effectively implement the Energy performance of Buildings Directive.

Religion in Schools Today - 1253 Words

The American Religious Experience In America today we all have choices to make in regards to our religious beliefs. Many young children are brought up today confused about religion and the significance it plays in their lives. There are many sanctions and rules now on what can and can t be thought or displayed to people on public property, but it wasn t always like this. In this paper I will be discussing the American religious experience in regards to the impact religion has in the public schools. since 1776 the United States has grown from a nation of relatively few religious differences to one of countless religious groups. This expanding pluralism challenges the public schools to deal creatively and sensitively with students†¦show more content†¦Teachers will want to avoid asking students to explain their beliefs and customs. An offer to do so should be treated with courtesy and accepted or rejected depending on the educational relevancy. Teachers may not use the study of religious holidays as an opport unity to proselytize or to inject personal religious beliefs into the discussion. Teachers should avoid this by teaching through attribution, i.e. by reporting that some Buddhists believe ... May religious symbols be used in public school classes? The use of religious symbols, provided they are used only as examples of cultural or religious heritage, is permissible as a teaching aid or resource. Religious symbols may be displayed only on a temporary basis as part of the academic program. Students may choose to create artwork with religious symbols, but teachers should not assign or suggest such creations. May religious music be used in public schools? Sacred music may be sung or played as part of the academic study of music. School concerts that present a variety of selections may include religious music. Concerts should avoid programs dominated by religious music, especially when these coincide with a particular religious holiday. The use of art, drama, or literature with religious themes also is permissible if it serves a sound educational goal in the curriculum, but not if used as a vehicle for promoting religious belief. What about Christmas? Decisions about what to do in December shouldShow MoreRelatedReligion Should Not Be Allowed in Public Schools1293 Words   |  6 PagesWhile students are attending public schools they should be aware of their religion options. The student should have the right to practice their religion as they please, just on the own time. Yes, religion plays a huge part in molding a person but, should be practiced when the time is available, not in a classroom setting. The government should have the ability to control the protection of the students that just want to learn. The capability to regulate the religious practices while attending publicRead More Religion Has No Place in Public Schools Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscusses the prohibition of an established religion and allows the free exercise of religion. Thomas Jefferson had written a letter discussing the separation of church and state, which has resulted in many debates over the limitations of religion in the public schools (Hambur ger). There is research that supports both the arguments that students can benefit academically from the influence of religion and from keeping religious teachings separate from public schools. Early in Americas history, when itRead MoreDoes Religious Education Remain Relevant Today?984 Words   |  4 Pagescurrently about the future of Religious Education in the school curriculum. The main reason for this being the question: does Religious Education remain relevant today? In this essay I will explain why Religious Education is relevant today due to the growing secularisation of society, the increasing multiculturalism of the UK and the benefits it provides. I will also analyse the counter argument that society has moved on from the concept of religion and it should therefore not be taught as an academicRead MoreReligions Place in Education Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract There have been many lawsuits that involve the issues between religion and government state laws and regulations. As of today religion is still a very emotional issue between Christian churches and schools. Issues such as prayer in school, reciting the pledge of allegiance (under God), teaching the Ten Commandments or evolution, are prohibited in public schools today. Educational administrators must be aware of these issues and the laws that must be adherent to. Religious Issues TheRead MoreEssay about Prayer in Schools523 Words   |  3 PagesPrayer in Schools Religion is any system of beliefs or the moral values that people follow. Some people actually define religion as their whole purpose in life. Religion is often times the key that defines who people are. Religion is where people find themselves and the purpose for their lives. Combine all these beliefs about religion and peoples pride and it is understandable why people are so devoted to their religious beliefs. This makes religion a crucial component to most peoplesRead MoreThe Lack of Separation of Church and State is an Attack on Americas Ideals1350 Words   |  6 Pagesspiritual lives. Today, hundreds of years later, our nation has yet to make this dream a reality. Government threatens the policy of separation of church and state in schools everyday. School sanctioned religiously based organizations, prayer in school, and President George W. Bushs faith based educational plans defy this American ideal. The governments support of religion in school is unconstitutional, unet hical, and degrading. Originally, religion and education were integrated. Most schools based theirRead MoreSociety of Colonial America Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesand are continuously seen today in American culture. The time period is also considered America’s development period as it is slowly grasping its own heritage and discovering its capability of becoming one of the most recognized countries of the world and as a superpower. But what are the many different elements from the time period that has remained dominant in American society today? This paper would cite some of the elements from the 1620-1700 which is still evident today. One of the most interestingRead MorePublic Schools All Over America975 Words   |  4 PagesWords are extremely powerful. In America today, we have the First Amendment that protects our freedom of speech but, just because you are able to say something doesn t mean that you should. The majority of people have heard the saying, â€Å"think twice before you speak.† This saying is important because you never know when your words will offend someone even if you had no intentions to do so. Two simple words have created a controversy in public schools all over America. These words are, â€Å"Merry ChristmasRead MoreGod V The Government: The Showdown Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens. The Bill of Rights first Amendment states: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free Exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the Press; or the right of the People peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The idea of making no law respecting an establishment of religion was revolutionary for the time. The concept of separation of church and state is never explicitly claimed inRead MoreDownfall of Education System was No School Prayer649 Words   |  3 Pagesprayer was removed from public school classrooms in 1962, we have had a 6-fold increase in violent crime, our divorce rate has tripled,births to single mothers have increased 5-fold, the teenage suicide rate has tripled, and SAT scores have dropped 10%.(Creation Today). Reasons that represent why prayer and moments of silence should be allowed in the public school system will be expressed. This essay will represent the affirmative stance when regarding this topic of school wide prayer and moments of

Business Law CLR

Question: Discuss about the case study for Business Law of CLR. Answer: Introduction The territories or the jurisdictions where the system of English common law applies, the word equity denotes that law body that emerged in the Chancery Court of England. Those Courts are now subject to administered with the common law concurrently. In the historical context, the common law of England developed principally for the administering the royal courts of the entre. The law that was administered by the Chancery Court was given the name of equity. The territories that made the inheritance of the system of common law have the difference in their treatment of the law of equity[1]. In the 20th century, there have been some systems of common law, that began to give less importance to the historical origin of the legal rules that are substantive. In the territories of Australia, England, and New Zealand, the system of equity law remains till date the distinctive body of practice by the practitioners who are specialized. The era of modern equity law makes the inclusion of the fiduci ary law, equitable estoppel, relief against forfeiture and penalties, doctrines of subrogation, marshaling, and contribution. Waltons Stores Interstate Ltd v Maher (1998) 164 CLR 387 In the case of Waltons Stores Interstate Ltd v Maher (1998) 164 CLR 387, there was negotiation on the part of Waltons with Maher regarding the factor of leasing of property, whose owner was Maher. Both the parties made the understanding that the building that was existing already in that property would be subject to demolition, and a new building is entitled to be constructed by Maher, which would be occupied by Waltons. The agreement between the two parties was done on rent and terms. The solicitors of Waltons sent a deed of the lease to Maher, and the solicitors of Maher made certain amendments in that deed and resent the same to Waltons. Maher then informed Waltons about the start of the commencement of demolition and demanded to make the completion of the lease deed quickly. Now when the building work was completed approximately 40%, Waltons declared that they do not wish to proceed with Maher. At this, Maher made a suit of law for making the enforcement of the agreement. The Court in its majority held that despite there is no formal contract that has been exchanged between the two parties; Maher was entitled to make the assumption of the exchange of contract. The Court also made the fact clear that Maher could easily rely on the principle of promissory estoppel that makes its extension to the promises or the representations or any future conduct. Promissory estoppel in the territory of Australia is liable to use either as a 'sword and a shield'. The Court held that the doctrine of promissory estoppel must be used for the purpose of providing the cause of action where any promise is made by the promisor[3]. The Court also held that the doctrine of promissory estoppel is applicable in those cases where the promisor is involved in the creation of an assumption that any contract would be in existence in the future, or there would be the performance of any promise in the future. The application of the doctrine of promissory estoppel also occurs in the eve nt where the promisee relies on his or her detriment[4]. The doctrine of promissory estoppel is applicable in the situation where the promise is unconscionable about the conduct of the promisor, to that extent that the promisor ignores the promise. In the case, there is the intervention of the principles of equity because there is unconscionable conduct on the part of Waltons to ignore such assumption. In this case, the non-exchanging of the contract does not amount to the unconscionable conduct, but there are two elements, that regarded the conduct of Waltons as unconscionable[5]. Those elements are the urgency factor and the execution of Maher by assuming that the execution by Waltons was the mere formality. In these circumstances, the Court held that Waltons was under the obligation to make the communication with Maher regarding the demolition by having reasonable certainty and time. Waltons did not communicate, and the related evidence clearly stipulated that Waltons induced and encouraged Maher to continue with demolition work[6]. Therefore, the Court held that Waltons must be estopped from deviating from its promise of completion that was implied. Commercial Bank v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447 In the case the defendants, which is Mr. and Mrs. Amadio were involved in making the execution of a mortgage and guarantee in favor of the Commercial Bank of Australia, the appellant. The primary purpose of the execution of such mortgage was to guarantee the debts of the company of their son named Vicenzo Amadio. It was found that their son made the control of a number of companies and seemed to be successful. It was also found out that Vicenzo was in debts and made arrangements with the manager of the local bank for sending him cheques to maintain his company. After that, the bank gave him the advice that the overdraft facility for him could be increased in case there is security provided by his parents[7]. Hence, Vicenzo approached his parents for granting guarantee for $50,000 for a period of six months. After the Amadios had made the signature on the guarantee, the Bank delivered money to their son. After the granting of the money, the financial condition of the company deteriorated, and it got liquidated. This made the Bank as the Amadios for the payment of the amount of the guarantee. When the trial was undergoing, it was found by the judge that when the Amadios made the signature on the document of guarantee, there was the belief on the part of them their liability in the guarantee agreement was limited to the amount of $50,000 and that was also for the period of six months. The Court believed that the Amadios made the signature on the representation made by their son, and they would not have signed the documents of guarantee if they knew the true effect of their signature on the guarantee documents[8]. The Court in its decision held that the relief on the ground of unconscionable conduct is applicable in those cases where any party makes the unconscientious use of the position of superiority that held by him to the detriment of any party for which he sufferers from any special disability and is in the situation of special disadvantage[9]. The Court held that there had been the special disadvantage on the part of the Amadios vis--vis the Bank made it unconscionable for the Amadios to have faith on the said guarantee. Barnes v Alderton [2008] NSWSC 107 In the territory of New South Wales, there emerged a famous case between a brother and his sister regarding the ownership of a property. The defendant made the claim that during the purchase of the disputed property his age was twenty one and the age of his sister was fifteen years. The defendant also made the statement that his father has been involved in working on the Central Coast, and the family got divided as his mother was engaged in a work at Sydney. The only person who looked upon the property was the father of the defendant and the defendant himself[10]. The defendant also claimed that they made the payment of the property dues from the joint account of him and his father. The Court in delivering its decision held that the doctrine of estoppel cannot be made applicable for the purpose of assisting any person who makes the hearing of any statement from any other person that, such person bears the intention of making him the property owner. The Court also held that such statement is neither valid nor subject to enforcement in the court as the person did not rely on that promise that was made to him. Therefore, the application if promissory estoppel got rejected by the Court. Conclusion The case studies that are discussed above can be used as examples where there are wide powers of discretion that are used or rather vested on the part of the courts to render its decisions in cases where there lies the ambiguity regarding the application of the rules of contract law. The principle or doctrine of promissory estoppel is a doctrine that is well defined, but it is still used by courts exceeding the scope of the meaning of the principle[12]. The cases that are mentioned above depicts clearly that the judges involved therein made the detailed analysis of the circumstances and the facts of the case and rendered its decision by going beyond the jurisdiction of common law. Hence, it can be said that the power of discretion refers to the personal choice of the judges. In simple terms, it means that the judges while using their discretionary power make the application of their conscience in rendering the decision in the case. Reference List Baker, Thomas A., III, John Grady and Jesse M. Rappole, 'Consent Theory as a Possible Cure for Unconscionable Terms in Student-Athlete Contracts' (2012) 22Marquette Sports Law Review619 Berman, James, 'Consumer Law: Bargaining Power - the Grey Area between Freedom of Contract and Unconscionable Conduct' (2010) 62Keeping Good Companies43 Duggan, Anthony J., 'Stolen Goods, a Cruise Disaster and a Right of Way Gone Wrong: Three Unconscionable Contracts Cases from a Law and Economics Perspective' (2004) 40Canadian Business Law Journal3 Hall, Peter M.,Unconscionable Contracts and Economic Duress(CCH Australia Limited, 1985) Johnson-Parris, Afi S., 'Felon Disenfranchisement: The Unconscionable Social Contract Breached' (2003) 89Virginia Law Review109 Ong, C. A. and Susan Leung, 'The Unconscionable Contracts Ordinance Revisited' (2001) 9Asia Pacific Law Review187 Panza, Lucy, 'The Holy Trinity: Unconscionable Contracts between Latinas and the Family, Religion, and the State' (2010) 2Georgetown Journal of Law Modern Critical Race Perspectives299 Roberts, Erica D., 'When the Storehouse is Empty, Unconscionable Contracts Abound: Why Transplant Tourism should Not be Ignored' (2009) 52Howard Law Journal747 Saunders, Helen, 'Relief from Unconscionable Contracts: The Contracts Review Act 1980 and the 'Unwritten Law'' (2007) 29Australian Bar Review290 Taylor, Jennifer Rae, 'Restoring the Bargain: Examining Post-Plea Sentence Enhancement as an Unconscionable Violation of Contract Law' (2011) 48California Western Law Review129 'Unconscionable Contracts Ordinance 1994 (Hong Kong)' (1996) 22Commonwealth Law Bulletin636 Waddams, S. M., 'Unconscionable Contracts: Competing Perspectives' (1999) 62Saskatchewan Law Review1